| Exchange-Traded Funds |
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| Exchange-traded funds are open-ended registered investment companies regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The Securities and Exchange Commission has exempted exchange-traded funds from regulatory requirements in order to allow secondary trading on national exchanges of shares in exchange-traded funds. More... |
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| Investment Advisor Codes of Ethics |
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| Rule 204A-1 of the Securities and Exchange Commission, adopted pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, requires implementation of codes of ethics by investment advisers. Each adviser's code of ethics must include a standard of conduct and must require compliance with federal securities laws. The codes also must require that investment adviser employees must report their personal stock transactions, and copies of the codes must be made available to clients of the investment advisor. More... |
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| Reliance on Committee Reports |
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| Corporation codes in all states allow the corporate board of directors to appoint committees comprised of directors and to delegate board powers to the committees. Appointment powers are usually addressed in the corporation's articles of incorporation or bylaws, which specify the formalities for appointing a committee. Each state's corporation code must be consulted to determine if certain powers are nondelegable. More... |
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| Investment Adviser Reporting Requirements |
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| Investment advisers must file Form ADV with the Securities and Exchange Commission or with state offices for regulating securities. Investment advisers who manage $25 million or more in client assets must file the form and register with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Advisers managing smaller amounts of assets must file Form ADV with state securities regulators. More... |
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| Ultra Vires Acts |
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| In most states, the duty of obedience is recognized as one of the three fiduciary duties a director owes to the corporation. One component of the duty of obedience is that a director is prohibited from committing an ultra vires act. Ultra vires, translated from the Latin, means "beyond powers." An ultra vires act is beyond the scope of the powers bestowed on the corporation (and the director) by the corporate charter or bylaws. Thus, a director commits an ultra vires act when he acts without or beyond the authority vested in him by the corporation. More... |
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